On January 17, 2026, Kasie and Rex welcomed Hollie in as a special guest and took on motifs in music and literature. Here are the show notes:

Topic: Motifs & other plot devices

Agenda:

• Quick catch up
• What are motifs
• How do they work
• Other plot devices
• How to do it

Segments 1 & 2

This morning we’re joined by Hollie, a musician and contributor to the show, who had something to add to our conversation on motifs.

The idea came from an article explaining how composers use motifs to advance the plot in musical theater. That got me (Kasie) wondering about other plot-advancement devices in literature that function in similar ways. Thanks, as always, to Gemini AI for curating the internet’s vast resources on this topic.

A motif is a recurring element in a story—such as an image, object, sound, word, or situation—that holds symbolic significance and points toward a deeper, central theme. Unlike a one-time symbol, a motif must appear multiple times to create a pattern that unites different parts of the narrative. (link)

How motifs advance the plot (link and link):

• Foreshadowing Events: Recurring motifs can hint at future developments, creating suspense and anticipation. For example, a recurring “accident” or “broken” object might prepare the reader for a character’s downfall.
• Signaling Turning Points: A motif may appear during key moments, such as in scenes of intense conflict or during climactic events, acting as a visual cue for a shift in the story.
• Driving Character Action: Because a motif often connects to a character’s inner desires or fears, it can motivate them to act.
• Unifying Plot Threads: In complex narratives, a motif can connect separate, seemingly unrelated plotlines or scenes, giving the story continuity.
• Escalating Tension: A motif can gain prominence as the story reaches its climax, increasing the pressure and urgency. 

Other ways it helps in a story (link):

• Connects to Themes: Motifs act as tangible clues, making abstract themes like love, loss, or freedom more concrete and understandable as they recur, linking disparate scenes and ideas.
• Builds Mood & Atmosphere: Repetitive imagery, such as dark rooms or intense heat, creates a specific tone (Gothic, oppressive) that influences how the plot unfolds and how characters feel, as seen with the heat in Lord of the Flies.
• Foreshadows & Symbolizes: A recurring symbol can hint at future events or deeper meanings; for instance, the green light in The Great Gatsby symbolizes Gatsby’s unattainable dream, foreshadowing his ultimate failure.
• Develops Characters: A motif can highlight character development or internal struggles; Indiana Jones’s father calling him “Junior” reinforces the growing bond and resolution of their strained relationship.
• Creates Cohesion: By appearing throughout the narrative, motifs act as narrative breadcrumbs, helping readers trace patterns and understand how different parts of the story relate to one another, unifying the work. 

Segment 3

What are some other plot devices?

• Symbolism
• Foreshadowing
• Parallelism

Here’s a comprehensive list of 50+ plot devices.

Segment 4

So how do you do it?

Our old friend (because we cite them a lot) KM Weiland made this video about use of plot devices. 

Here’s some key principles and obvious advice (link and link):

• Serve the Story, Not the Other Way Around: The device should enhance your story’s foundation (characters, world) and feel essential, not like a forced gimmick to fix problems.
• Make it Organic & Logical:
  • Set up Foreshadowing: Introduce elements early (e.g., a skill, an object) that pay off later.
  • Create Logical Circumstances: Have characters meet or find things in believable situations.
• Motivate Characters: Ensure characters act in ways that lead to the device due to their established personalities and goals.
• Focus on Character Reaction: How characters respond to a device (a discovery, a setback) often matters more than the device itself, revealing their nature.
• Build Suspense & Meaning: Use them to create intrigue (flashbacks, foreshadowing, plot twists) or add depth, making the audience ask “how?” and “why?”.
• Avoid Contrivance: Don’t use pure coincidence to get characters out of trouble; use it to get them into trouble, with proper setup.